Enola+Gay

= Enola Gay Morgan= Enola Gay was significant in history because it forever changed human warfare. It dropped two atomic bombs, one on Hiroshima, Japan, and one on Nagasaki, Japan, and their effects and damage will never be forgotten.

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After World War I, the United States resorted back to Isolationism, avoiding any alliances with other nations on military or political levels. They created the Neutrality Act of 1935 and 1936, which said it was illegal to sell war equipment to aggressors, or nations that are antagonizers of violence. Then, in 1940, Japanese aggression spread and they took over North Indochina. Because of the Neutrality Act, America was forced to stop supplying Japan with steel, scrap iron and gasoline. However, under the Lend-Lease Act, which allowed the United States to lend money to countries in need, they gave $100 million to China to help fight against Japan. This increased Japan's irritation, and in 1941 they went on to capture South Indochina. Following the US, England and the Netherlands also stopped supplying Japan with resources, making Japan unable to fuel their army, air force and navy. Because of this, Japan was extremely angry at America, and so, on December 7th, 1941, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor **,** Hawaii, killing many Americans. This caused America to enter World War II, and eventually, lead to //Enola Gay// and the atomic bomb.======

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Before America entered World War II, President Roosevelt created the Advisory Committee on Uranium after he had been warned about the dangers of nuclear power by scientists, such as Albert Einstein. The US government was afraid that Germany would make the first atomic bomb, and so, when they entered World War II, the advanced quickly, creating the **Manhattan Project**. Paul Tibbets, a second lieutenant====== of the army air corps, was put in charge of the project. He was very little information, only that it was for a weapon that hadn't been made yet and a location for its use not yet found. Tibbets was asked to hand-pick a crew to aid him on the mission, and they practiced dropping 10,000 pound concrete "pumpkins" in the secretive Army Air Base in Utah, in preparation for for the real 10.000 pond bomb, which was nicknamed "Little Boy." As the men were training, scientist worked on the development of the atomic bomb, which would be made using fission, or the splitting of an atom's nucleus. As it drew closer to the dropping of the bomb, Tibbets named the B-29 plane that they would use Enola Gay, after his mother Enola Gay Tibbets. He ended up choosing the city of Hiroshima as the first and hopefully only target, because it was in good condition and had never been bombed before, meaning the effects of "Little Boy" wouldn't be disrupted by previous bombings.

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The scientists who created the bomb thought that it should never be used. When dropped, it gave of the force of 20,000 tons of dynamite. However, President Truman decided to use it because he felt that the amount of America soldiers they would loose invading Japan would not be worth saving the lives of thousands of Japanese. Once Truman made this decision, the Interim Committee wanted to drop the bomb right way and without any warning. Nuclear scientists, on the other hand, thought that a demonstration of the bomb should be made for the United Nations, which had just been founded that year, and give Japan an ultimatum. They ended up following the advice of the scientists.====== After four years of battling against Japan, the US had successfully captured most of the South Pacific, and were very close to invading the island of Japan. At this point, when Japan refused to surrender, the United Nations proposed their ultimatum: either they surrender by August 3rd, or they would have to face "prompt and utter destruction." The Bombing Japan didn't surrender. When August 3rd passed, they thought the American threats were fake. However, on August 6, 1945, Paul Tibbets and his crew took off in the //Enola Gay// at 2:30 am. They reached Hiroshima at about 9:15 am. It was an ordinary dmedia type="youtube" key="AtSt5XZ7fq4" height="266" width="336" align="right"ay, with fine weather. When they dropped the "Little Man" on the city, the crew was shocked and horrified. When being interviewed at a later date, Tibbets said, "A bright light filled the plane. We turned back to look at Hiroshima. The city was hidden by that awful cloud." The city was left in ruin. 66,000 people were killed, along with 70,000 other injuries. A women who had been there when the bomb dropped described her experience: "I felt I had lost all the bones in my body...I passed out. By the time I woke up, black rain was falling. I thought I was blind, but I got my eyes open, and I saw a beautiful blue sky and a dead city. Nobody is standing up. Nobody is walking around." The Effects After the bombing of Hiroshima, Japan still didn't surrender. So, on August 9th, America dropped "Fat Man," a second atomic bomb, on the city of Nagasaki. A week later Japan surrendered. On September 2nd, the Japanese Instrument of Surrender was signed by Japan, the United States, the United Kingdom, Russia, Australia, Canada, France, the Netherlands and New Zealand. It stated the agreement of Japans surrender, and with it's signing came the end of World War II.



=**<span style="-webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-repeat: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 60.4956%; letter-spacing: -0.5px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Krzysztof Penderecki - Threnody for the Victims of Hiroshima **=

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Cause and Effect:
 * Audio of Truman announcing that they had dropped the atomic bomb**



= = = = Resources:  ABC- CLIO . Ed. James Sherman, Wilson Smith, and Marain Perales. N.p., n.d. Web.17 May 2010. . Garmon, Lucille B. "Manhattan Project."  World Book Online Reference Center . Global Device, n.d. Web. 19 May 2010.  The National Archives .  National Archives . Web. 21 May 2010. . "Paul Tibbets."  Wikipedia . Wikipedia Foundation Inc., n.d. Web. 24 May 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Tibbets>. "Surrender of Japan." <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;"> Wikipedia <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;">. Wikipedia Foundation Inc., n.d. Web. 25 May 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan>. Viola, Herman J. <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;"> Why We Remember <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;">. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc., 2007. Print.